Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast.a cold winter’s day, few culinary pleasures canit. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That thisshould be rendered yet another quality pleasureto damage our health.

The Food Standards Authority (FSA) hasa public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cookedhigh temperatures. This means that people shouldcrisping their roast potatoes, reject thin—crust pizzas and onlytoast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no evidence that it causes cancer in humans.

Scientists say the compound isto cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is to follow the FSA advice. , it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a .

Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods , but reduce their lifetime intake. However its risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just with one listening.

1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till 答案：C

2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence 答案：A

3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern 答案：B

4 .[A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed 答案：A

5. [A] issued [B] received [C] compelled [D] guaranteed 答案：A

6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by 答案：B

7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid 答案：D

8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially 答案：C

9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While 答案：D

10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] conclusive [D] negative 答案：C

11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow 答案：B

12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to 答案：C

13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate 答案：B

14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all 答案：D

15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern 答案：C

16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used 答案：B

17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] In general 答案：A

18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully 答案：B

19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition 答案：A

20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end up . 答案：D

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain’ town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.

Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?

It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.

A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.

21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a “town of culture” award could___D____

[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.

[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.

[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.

[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.

22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as

[A] a sensible compromise.

[B] a self-deceiving attempt.

[C] an eye-catching bonus.

[D] an inaccessible target.

23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it

[A] endeavours to maintain its image.

[B] meets the aspirations of its people.

[C] brings its local arts to prominence.

[D] commits to its long-term growth.

24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present

[A] a contrasting case.

(B] a supporting example.

[C] a background story.

[D] a related topic.

25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?

[A] Skeptical.

[B] Objective.

[C] Favourable.

[D] Critical.

Text 2

Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.

The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs\\” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because

[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.

[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.

[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.

[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.

27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have

[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.

[B] gone through an existential crisis.

[C] revived the publishing industry.

[D] financed researchers generously.

28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?

[A] Relieved.

[B] Puzzled.

[C] Concerned.

[D] Encouraged.

29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms.

[A] allow publishers some room to make money.

[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.

[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially

[D] free universities from financial burdens.

30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?

[A] Trial subscription is offered.

[B] Labour triumphs over status.

[C] Costs are well controlled.

[D]The few feed on the many.

Text 3

Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.

Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.

But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

31. The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will___A____

[A] help little to reduce gender bias.

[B] pose a threat to the state government.

[C] raise women’s position in politics.

[D] greatly broaden career options.

32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?

[A] It has irritated private business owners.

[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.

[C]It may go against the Constitution.

[D] It will settle the prior controversies.

33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate___D____

[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.

[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.

[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.

[D] the needlessness of government interventions.

34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to__C____

[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.

[B] the objection to female participation on bards.

[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.

[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.

35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

IAI Women’s need in employment should be considered

[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.

[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.

[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.

Text 4

Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data. and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,\\” meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon — in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.

The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.

The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain\\’s DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia\\’s MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India\\’s SEP (significant economic presence) test, to. name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.

These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.

In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization\\’s work, but France\\’s digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.

France\\’s planned tax is a clear waning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system. other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.

36. The French Senate has passed a bill to___C____

[A] regulate digital services platforms.

[B] protect French companies\\’ interests.

[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.

[D] curb the influence of advertising.

37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax__A_____

[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.

[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.

[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.

[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.

38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that___B____

[A] redistribution of tech giants\\’ revenue must be ensured.

[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading

[C] tech multinationals\\’ monopoly should be prevented.

[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.

39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO\\’s current work__C_____

[A] is being resisted by US companies.

[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.

[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.

[D] needs to involve more countries.

40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?

[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions

[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax

[C]France Says \\”NO\\” to Tech Multinationals

[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

[A] Eye fixations are brief

[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude

[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41._______________________

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42._______________________

Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43._______________________

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you\\’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you\\’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.

44._______________________

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45._______________________

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signalE

42. E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

43. G Eye contact can also be aggressive

44. A Eye fixactions are brief

45. D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46)

During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.

(48) It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

The Church’s long standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of 17th century. (49)

The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) , after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.

【参考译文】

46. 随着教会的教义和思维方式在文艺复兴时期黯然失色，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以弥合，从而出现了新的及尚未开发的知识领域。

47. 在每个真理揭示之前，当时的许多思想家都采用了更古老的思维方式，仍旧沿用以前的思维模式，其中包括认为地球是宇宙中心的地球中心说。

48. 尽管教会试图镇压这一代逻辑学家和理性主义者，但人们对宇宙如何运转的解释却越来越多，并且以一种不容忽视的速度在增加。

49. 当许多人承担起将理性科学的哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴时代已经结束，并且开启了一个新的时代。

50. 此类寻求知识和了解已知信息的行为被拉丁语概括为：“sapere aude”即“敢于求知”。

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

The student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about 100 words.

Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do notuse your own name in the notice. (10 points)

【参考范文】

Notice

Dec. 21, 2019

In order to enrich the campus life and provide the colorful life for you, the Students’ Union is preparing the upcoming singing contest, which will be held in the auditorium in our university on the evening of December 31, 2019. Now, the Union is recruiting contestants for this competition.

Anyone who are fond of signing or interested in the competition, please send his or her application to students’ union @sohu.com before next Wednesday. Besides, there are generous awards in gratitude for this activity. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries concerning the singing contest. Meanwhile, volunteers for this activity are badly needed to assist us in organizing the relevant affairs.

We are looking forward to your participation.

The Students’ Union

【参考译文翻译】

通知

2019年12月21日

为了丰富校园生活，为大家提供丰富多彩的生活，学生会正在筹备即将于2019年12月31日晚在我校大礼堂举行的歌唱比赛。现在，学生会正在为这次比赛招募选手。

有意报名或有意报名的同学请于下周三之前将报名表发送至学生会邮箱@sohu.com。此外，本次活动还设有丰厚的奖励。如果您对歌唱比赛有任何疑问，请随时与我们联系。同时，我们也非常需要这次活动的志愿者来协助我们组织相关的事务。

我们期待您的参与。

学生会

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should

1) describe the picture briefly,

2) interpret the implied meaning, and

3) give your comments.

Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

【参考范文】

Portrayed distinctively by the two cartoons above is an impressive scene: a girl in the left picture is doing homework and saying that early completion is better. Nevertheless, the boy in the right picture is sitting in front of the desk and saying that he will not finish the homework until the last minute.

Undoubtedly, the symbolic implication of the pictures is to show us that importance should be attached to the formation of good habits, especially the good habit of time management. On the one hand, efficient time management is critical to personal development. As the old saying goes, “Time is money,” and in the fast-paced modern life, it seems that we always have a lot of things to do and we are very busy. In the face of such a situation, we have to realize that efficiency holds the key to saving time and time management skills hold the key to personal success. On the other hand, good time management habits play a vital role in the development of the whole society. There is no doubt that, to a large extent, social progress is closely related to the efforts of each individual. If we can develop the good habit of time management, we are much more likely to improve efficiency and have a better performance in the learning and working process, which is an integral part of social advances and prosperity.

From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of efficient time management skills is of equal importance in personal and social progress. Therefore, we ought to take advantage of the phenomenon to enlighten the public and the press is expected to take a lead in advertising the value of developing good time management habits. Only in this way can we have a bright future.

【参考范文翻译】

上面两幅漫画所描绘的是一个令人印象深刻的画面：左图中的一个女孩正在做作业，她说早完成比较好。然而，右图中的男孩正坐在书桌前，说他要到最后一分钟才会完成。

毫无疑问，这两幅图的象征意义是：我们应该重视好习惯的养成，尤其是时间管理方面的好习惯。一方面，高效的时间管理对个人发展至关重要。俗话说，“时间就是金钱”，在快节奏的现代生活中，我们似乎总是有很多事情要做，很忙。面对这种情况，我们必须认识到，效率是节省时间的关键，而且时间管理技能是个人成功的关键。另一方面，良好的时间管理习惯对整个社会的发展起着至关重要的作用。毋庸置疑，社会进步在很大程度上与每个人的努力密切相关。如果我们能养成良好的时间管理习惯，我们就更有可能提高效率，在学习和工作过程中有更好的表现，这是社会进步和繁荣发展不可分割的一部分。

综上所述，可得出如下结论：高效的时间管理对于个人和社会的进步同等重要。因此，我们应该利用这一现象来启发公众，而媒体应该带头宣传养成良好的时间管理习惯的价值。只有这样，我们才能拥有一个光明的未来。

2022年全国高考英语I卷真题和答案

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（全国I卷）

2022年全国新高考Ⅰ卷适用地区：山东、广东、福建、江苏、湖南、湖北、河北

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2-15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.

Group Assignments (30%)

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Test/Group Work/Homework (10%)

n Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

21. Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook.

B. An exam paper.

C. A course plan.

D. An academic article.

22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?

A. Two.

B. Three.

C. Four.

D. Five.

23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero.

B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test.

D. You will have to rewrite it.

【参考答案】

21-23：CBA

B

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away – from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”

If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time – but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yer so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste.

B. We waste food unintentionally at times.

C. We waste more vegetables than meat.

D. We have good reasons for wasting food.

25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?

A. Moral decline.

B. Environmental harm.

C. Energy shortage.

D. Worldwide starvation.

26. What does Curtin’s company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment.

B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.

C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.

D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.

27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed.

B. Reduce food consumption.

C. Go shopping once a week.

D. Eat in restaurants less often.

【参考答案】

24-27：BBDA

C

The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.

“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”

28. What is the purpose of the project?

A. To ensure harmony in care homes.

B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.

C. To raise money for medical research.

D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?

A. She has learned new life skills.

B. She has gained a sense of achievement.

C. She has recovered her memory.

D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?

A. Improve.

B. Oppose.

C. Begin.

D. Evaluate.

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?

A. It is well received.

B. It needs to be more creative.

C. It is highly profitable.

D. It takes ages to see the results.

【参考答案】

28-31：DBCA

D

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m”and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.

32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?

A. Its variety.

B. Its distribution.

C. Its quantity.

D. Its development.

33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.

B. They could not open and close their lips easily.

C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.

D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.

34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. Supporting evidence for the research results.

B. Potential application of the research findings.

C. A further explanation of the research methods.

D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.

35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

A. It is key to effective communication.

B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.

C. It is a complex and dynamic system.

D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

【参考答案】

32-35：DCAC

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分。满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39

You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit-your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C. You\\’ll work harder if you train with someone else.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good \\”seeking training partner\\” notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

【参考答案】

36-40：CDBGF

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.

Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 -he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.

Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 53 .

Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.

41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries

42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled

43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried

44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid

45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D.as for

46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed

47. A. signed up B. calmed downC. checked out D. headed off

48. A. arranged B. interruptedC. completed D. recorded

49. A. wind B. noiseC. temperature D. speed

50. A. find B. hideC. start D. fix

51. A. luck B. answerC. wonder D. signal

52. A. patiently B. tirelesslyC. doubtfully D. helplessly

53. A. sorry B. braveC. safe D. right

54. A. relief B. dutyC. pride D. excitement

55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict

【参考答案】

41-45：CADCB

46-50：ADBAC

51-55：ADCDB

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national park in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of \\”protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations\\”. The GPNP\\’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

【参考答案】

56. Covering

57. the

58. were

59. to increase

60. is designed

61. and

62. populations

63. eventually

64. as

65. that

第四部分 写作（共两节、满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：

1.节目介绍；

2.访谈的时间和话题。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Caroline,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.

I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn\\’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.

What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!

I quickly searched the crowd for the school\\’s coach and asked him what had happened. \\”I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,\\” he explained uncomfortably. \\”I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.\\”

I bit back my frustration (懊恼). I knew the coach meant well-he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.

David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer -that\\’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the David faced and was school, I was familiar with the challenges the challenges proud of his strong determination.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn\\’t look at me.

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.

阅读材料试题分析：

今年高考读后续写原文故事情节简单清晰，讲述了David因为脑部疾病影响行动，教练担心他被嘲笑而让他选择是否继续参加比赛。David选择放弃，而“我”作为该学校特殊教育老师，决定帮助鼓励他参加比赛。故事语言相对易懂，内容贴近学生生活，让学生有话可写。所给两段段首句没有生词，降低了学生在审题上的困难。根据第二段段首句，David和其他选手一起站在起跑线，可以反推出作者在写作第一段成功说服David 参加比赛，而从全文立意，情节传达正能量的考量，可以推出David 跑完了比赛。在情节设计上，宜以作者与David的互动为落脚点。从语言一致角度考虑，续写宜选择较常见的动作描写、心理描写等。

情节设计思路：

第一段：我引起David注意——说服David参加比赛——David思考后决定参加比赛

第二段：我给予David鼓励——David坚持跑完——情感升华：David感受到挑战自我的成就感

David 情绪变化：惊讶——犹豫——决心——成就感——感恩

我的情绪：坚定——为David骄傲

推荐句型：Sb seemed to be…

Without sth, Sb would never do sth.

推荐短语：no reason to do, convince sb of sth, fulfill the ambition, signal to sb with sth, take a deep breath, with all one’s strength, in spite of, out of breath, sense of achievement

《2000-2022英语一真题及答案》完整版，赶快收藏！

完整版2000-2022英语一真题及答案，文末获取！

用户评论

黑夜漫长

终于！一直在找2022年的真题解析，现在能好好复习了，感谢分享！

    有12位网友表示赞同！

笑傲苍穹

这真题解析简直太棒了！答案讲解很详细，而且还有历年考题分析，感觉今年的英语一考试有了把握。

    有7位网友表示赞同！

麝香味

看到2021年的试题解析，对今年の的考试范围把握得更准了，不过阅读部分总是让我头疼啊！

    有7位网友表示赞同！

枫无痕

感谢分享！终于找到完整的 2022 年真题资料，可以用来模拟考试，看看自己的水平怎么样 。希望这种精准的分析能带给更多人信心 !

    有12位网友表示赞同！

巷口酒肆

2021年的答案解析对我来说有点难度，感觉词汇量和阅读理解还是需要加强一些，要好好备战再チャレンジ！

    有6位网友表示赞同！

颓废i

真的太感谢了！一直担心找不到最新的真题资料，现在终于解脱了！ 今年考研英语一势必会拿到理想成绩 !

    有18位网友表示赞同！

绝版女子

试题解析还是很详细的，但我觉得这部分写作的逻辑分析可以更深入一些，希望以后能提供更全面的解读。

    有17位网友表示赞同！

泡泡龙

2022年的真题难度看起来挺大啊！看来要认真研究一下分析才能够通过考试

    有15位网友表示赞同！

娇眉恨

下载了解析后发现内容非常丰富，包括词汇、语法和阅读理解，很适合用来查漏补缺。

    有11位网友表示赞同！

莫飞霜

这应该是最好的考研英语一真题解析资料网站，绝对值得收藏！感谢分享！

    有10位网友表示赞同！

伱德柔情是我的痛。

看了2021年的试题，感觉新题型很有难度，今年一定要提前做好准备。分析也很细致，能更好地了解考试重点

    有15位网友表示赞同！

执妄

解析对理解考研英语一的知识点非常有帮助，阅读部分的写作技巧讲解简直太棒了！

    有5位网友表示赞同！

孤者何惧

真题解析很全面，但个人感觉词汇讲解稍微不够详细，希望以后能够增加更多词汇方面的练习和讲解。

    有13位网友表示赞同！

|赤;焰﹏゛

2022年的真题内容比预想中的难度更大，需要更加认真地进行复习。这套解析能帮我更精准地掌握考试重点，感激不尽！

    有10位网友表示赞同！

涐们的幸福像流星丶

感谢分享！终于找到了完整版的考试资料，可以对着这个真实考题来训练自己的答题技巧、提升答题速度！

    有19位网友表示赞同！

酒笙倾凉

我对2022年的真题解析感觉很不错，特别是阅读理解的部分讲解很深入，让我对英语阅读的逻辑结构有了更清晰的认识。

    有5位网友表示赞同！

北染陌人

我觉得这个解析的分析比较简单浅薄，对于备考英语一的同学或许不太有帮助。希望能提供更加深入的解读和策略！

    有14位网友表示赞同！

念旧是个瘾。

真题解析很有用！通过对比历年真题，可以更好地了解英语一的考试趋势。希望分享者能够持续更新最新的考研资料!

    有11位网友表示赞同！